The Total column shows the total number of people in that county or town with this surname. For example, there were 53 people called ALLSTON in Essex at the time of the 1881 census.
The Frequency column shows the percentage of people in this county or town with this surname. For example, a frequency of 0.0092 in Essex means that 0.0092% of the people in Essex on census day were called ALLSTON.
The Index column shows the relative probability of finding someone called ALLSTON in this county or town, compared with the probability of finding them anywhere in Britain as a whole. An index of 1 means that if you pick someone at random from this county or town, you have exactly the same probability of picking someone called ALLSTON as if you picked at random from the whole of the UK. Where the index is higher than 1, then you are more likely to find someone called ALLSTON here than if you picked from the UK as a whole, and where it's lower then you are less likely. The actual figure shows the level of probability - for example, a figure of 2 would indicate that you are twice as likely to find someone called ALLSTON here than in the UK as a whole, and 10 would make it ten times as likely. The value of 43.01 in Essex means that you are 43.01 times as likely to find someone with the surname of ALLSTON in Essex than you would be in the whole of the UK.